Gateway to Navajoland - The Art of Silversmithing

Navajo silversmithing has roots dating back inDuring the early 20th century, The Fred Harvey
American history to the 1750s. Early British andCompany promoted the manufacture and sale of
French traders distributed silver jewelry to NativeNative American jewelry to tourists. By providing
American tribes east of the Mississippi River. Asthe metal and stones to the smiths, the Harvey
there were no silver mines in the SouthwestCompany could control the silver making process.
region, the Navajo traded with the Plains tribesLightweight jewelry with "Indian" styles and
and the Ute Indians for silver and other metals.designs dominated the market.
Through trade, the Navajo were first introducedAs demand for silver souvenirs dwindled during
to simple ornaments of varying styles andthe depression era, the smithing trade was nearly
designs. In addition, Spanish-Mexican costumelost. After WWII, Navajo artisans participated in
ornaments and bridle trappings of the late 18thFederal educational programs, teaching their craft
and 19th centuries provided inspiration for earlyat various vocational schools. The 1960s and
Navajo artisans.1970s saw renewed popularity in Navajo jewelry
The Navajo obtained actual silver workingmaking.
knowledge from Mexican smiths around 1853; theContemporary Navajo silversmiths appreciate the
first recognized Navajo silversmith was Atsidi Sani.importance of tradition, but draw on their
Early ornaments included buttons, bracelets andcreativity to produce original and innovative styles
belt conchas, usually plain or decorated with simplein their jewelry designs. By experimenting with
punch marks. Copied from patterns found onnew materials, such as gold and semi-precious
Mexican leather, the use of stamped designsstones, Native Americans have continued to
began around 1865. The use of stones, mainlyexpand the boundaries and scope of their craft.
turquoise and garnets, was introduced into someFrom its humble beginnings to the present, Native
pieces in the late 1880s. Soldiers at Fort DefianceAmerican jewelry making has been a uniquely
and Fort Wingate provided silver dollars to theAmerican art form. Today it is collected, worn
smiths. In 1890, defacing U.S. coins was outlawedand coveted by people throughout the world.
and Mexican pesos were substituted.