A bit of American history

• What are Native Americans
• Native Americans early...
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Native Americans early history Spanish slave traders of the early 16th Century were probably the first Europeans to In 1620, a group of English settlers, interact with the native population of including the Pilgrims, who were heading for Florida.[4] The first documented encounter of the Hudson River, got blown off-course and Europeans with Native Americans of the United anchored in Provincetown Harbor before they States came with the first expedition of Juan settled at present-day Plymouth, Ponce de León to Florida in 1513, although Massachusetts, instead, during a harsh he encounted at least one native that spoke winter. In the autumn of 1621, they Spanish. In 1521, he encountered the Calusa celebrated a three-day thanksgiving feast people during a failed colonization attempt with the native Wampanoag people, without in  which  they  drove  off  the  Europeans. whom they would not have survived the winter of  1620. In 1526, Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón tried to found a colony in what is now South The Great Migration continued into the 1630s Carolina, but for multiple reasons it failed and 40s, creating many settlements in New after only a year. The remaining slaves of England and the Virginia colony. Dutch the colony revolted and fled into the colonization activities proceeded in an wilderness to live among the Cofitachiqui overlapping terr Pequot War Meanwhile, people. Spanish and French colonization were also proceeding  on  other areas of the continent. The next encounter came with the members of the Narváez expedition from Some European settlers used Native American 1528–1536. Álvar Núnez Cabeza de contacts to further their activities in the Vaca wrote a detailed account of the failed fur trade; others sold European technology to expedition which includes descriptions of the natives, including firearms which fueled several Native American cultures he tribal wars. Peaceful coexistence was encountered from Florida, the northern Gulf established in some times and places. For Coast, Texas, possibly New Mexico and example, the careful diplomacy of William Arizona, and northern Mexico. He described Pynchon facilitated the founding of what the behavior, living situation, dress, and would become Springfield, Massachusetts in a food of the people he encountered as he desirable farming location close to the wandered  from  village  to  village. native  Agawam  settlement. An expedition in 1539 headed by Fray Marcos Struggles for economic and territorial de Niza went in search of The Seven Cities of dominance also continued to result in armed Gold. They were guided by another survivor of conflict. In some cases these latent the Narváez expedition, Estevanico, who conflicts resulted in escalating tensions, encountered the Zuni people in his gradually followed by escalating multi-party wanderings. Following de Niza in search of violence. In other cases sudden, relatively the fabled cities was Francisco Vásquez de unprovoked raids were conducted on native and Coronado from 140–1542. He had colonial settlements, which might involve encounters with the Hopi and Zuni as well as arson,  massacre,  or kidnapping for slavery. several other native groups in Arizona, New Mexico,  Texas,  Kansas,  and  Oklahoma. Pre-existing rivalries among both the Native American tribes and confederacies and the Also in 1539, the Hernando De Soto expedition European nations led groups from both traveled through the Southern United States continents to find war allies among the from 1539–1542. This expedition was others against their traditional enemies. responsible for introducing diseases into When transatlantic civilizations clashed, that region, and also resulted in several better technology (including firearms) and battles with various tribes. The expedition the epidemics decimating native populations included a member of the failed Narváez gave Europeans a substantial military expedition of 1528 named Juan Ortiz who lived advantage. among the Tocobaga people for twelve years before  being  rescued  by  de  Soto. In 1637, the Pequot War erupted in the Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies. Indian Another encounter was the failed Roanoke Wars in the English colonies would continue Colony led by Sir Walter Raleigh of England on  and  off  into  the  American Revolution. in 1584. At first, the local tribes bartered with the colonists, but this was during a In the early 1680s, Philadelphia was time of a severe drought, and when the local established by William Penn in the Delaware tribes grew more reluctant to trade, Valley, which was home to the Lenni-Lenape relations deteriorated. The fate of the nation. Chief Tamanend reputably took part in colonists  is  still  a  controversy. a peace treaty between the leaders of the Lenni-Lenape nation and the leaders of the By 1578 there were about 350 European fishing Pennsylvania colony held under a large elm vessels at Newfoundland and sailors began to tree  at  Shakamaxon. trade metal implements (particularly knives) for the natives' well worn pelts. The French In the Spanish sphere, many of the Pueblo fur trade was undertaken by Francis Grave (a people harbored hostility toward the Spanish, merchant) and Chauvin (a captain) in 1599 primarily due to their denigration and when they acquired a monopoly from Henry IV prohibition of the traditional religion (the and their attempt to establish a colony at Spanish at the time being staunchly and the mouth of the Saguenay River was a direct aggressively Catholic). The traditional result of their desire to profit from trading economies of the pueblos were likewise native  fur  pelts  for  European  goods. disrupted when they were forced to labor on the encomiendas of the colonists. However, England attempted again to colonize, first in the Spanish had introduced new farming 1606 with the Popham Colony in present-day implements and provided some measure of Maine, and again in 1607 in Jamestown, security against Navajo and Apache raiding Virginia. The latter became the first parties. As a result, they lived in relative permanent English settlement in the United peace with the Spanish following the founding States. The Popham Colony interacted with the of the Northern New Mexican colony in 1598. Abeneki tribe, but failed to establish In the 1670s, however, drought swept the cooperation. Jamestown's breakdown in region, which not only caused famine among relations with the Paspahegh and Powhatan the Pueblo, but also provoked increased tribes resulted in the First attacks from neighboring hunter-gatherer Anglo–Powhatan War, which ended with tribes — attacks against which Spanish the  marriage  of  John Rolfe and Pocahontas. soldiers were unable to defend. At the same time, European-introduced diseases were In 1610 a teenage Étienne Brulé was ravaging the natives, greatly decreasing sent by Samuel de Champlain to live with the their numbers. It has also been alleged that Hurons for a year as a sort of 'exchange the introduction of these diseases was often student'. Champlian, in turn, accepted the exacerbated when soldiers handed out blankets company of a Huron youth named Savignon who and other humanitarian supplies carrying accompanied him back to France. The two European microorganisms.[citation needed] cultures made a successful rendezvous the Unsatisfied with the protective powers of the next year and the young men returned to their Spanish crown, the Pueblo revolted in 1680. respective groups to report their In 1692, Spanish control was reasserted, but experiences. under much more lenient terms. 1 A B C 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94