A bit of American history

• What are Native Americans
• Native Americans early...
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• Native Americans culture

Native Americans early history Spanish slave traders of the early 16th including the Pilgrims, who were heading Century were probably the first for the Hudson River, got blown Europeans to interact with the native off-course and anchored in Provincetown population of Florida.[4] The first Harbor before they settled at documented encounter of Europeans with present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, Native Americans of the United States instead, during a harsh winter. In the came with the first expedition of Juan autumn of 1621, they celebrated a Ponce de León to Florida in 1513, three-day thanksgiving feast with the although he encounted at least one native Wampanoag people, without whom native that spoke Spanish. In 1521, he they would not have survived the winter encountered the Calusa people during a of 1620. failed colonization attempt in which The Great Migration continued into the they drove off the Europeans. 1630s and 40s, creating many settlements In 1526, Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón tried in New England and the Virginia colony. to found a colony in what is now South Dutch colonization activities proceeded Carolina, but for multiple reasons it in an overlapping terr Pequot War failed after only a year. The remaining Meanwhile, Spanish and French slaves of the colony revolted and fled colonization were also proceeding on into the wilderness to live among the other areas of the continent. Cofitachiqui people. Some European settlers used Native The next encounter came with the members American contacts to further their of the Narváez expedition from activities in the fur trade; others sold 1528–1536. Álvar Núnez Cabeza de European technology to the natives, Vaca wrote a detailed account of the including firearms which fueled tribal failed expedition which includes wars. Peaceful coexistence was descriptions of several Native American established in some times and places. cultures he encountered from Florida, For example, the careful diplomacy of the northern Gulf Coast, Texas, possibly William Pynchon facilitated the founding New Mexico and Arizona, and northern of what would become Springfield, Mexico. He described the behavior, Massachusetts in a desirable farming living situation, dress, and food of the location close to the native Agawam people he encountered as he wandered settlement. from village to village. Struggles for economic and territorial An expedition in 1539 headed by Fray dominance also continued to result in Marcos de Niza went in search of The armed conflict. In some cases these Seven Cities of Gold. They were guided latent conflicts resulted in escalating by another survivor of the Narváez tensions, gradually followed by expedition, Estevanico, who encountered escalating multi-party violence. In the Zuni people in his wanderings. other cases sudden, relatively Following de Niza in search of the unprovoked raids were conducted on fabled cities was Francisco Vásquez de native and colonial settlements, which Coronado from 140–1542. He had might involve arson, massacre, or encounters with the Hopi and Zuni as kidnapping for slavery. well as several other native groups in Pre-existing rivalries among both the Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Kansas, and Native American tribes and confederacies Oklahoma. and the European nations led groups from Also in 1539, the Hernando De Soto both continents to find war allies among expedition traveled through the Southern the others against their traditional United States from 1539–1542. This enemies. When transatlantic expedition was responsible for civilizations clashed, better technology introducing diseases into that region, (including firearms) and the epidemics and also resulted in several battles decimating native populations gave with various tribes. The expedition Europeans a substantial military included a member of the failed Narváez advantage. expedition of 1528 named Juan Ortiz who In 1637, the Pequot War erupted in the lived among the Tocobaga people for Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies. twelve years before being rescued by de Indian Wars in the English colonies Soto. would continue on and off into the Another encounter was the failed Roanoke American Revolution. Colony led by Sir Walter Raleigh of In the early 1680s, Philadelphia was England in 1584. At first, the local established by William Penn in the tribes bartered with the colonists, but Delaware Valley, which was home to the this was during a time of a severe Lenni-Lenape nation. Chief Tamanend drought, and when the local tribes grew reputably took part in a peace treaty more reluctant to trade, relations between the leaders of the Lenni-Lenape deteriorated. The fate of the colonists nation and the leaders of the is still a controversy. Pennsylvania colony held under a large By 1578 there were about 350 European elm tree at Shakamaxon. fishing vessels at Newfoundland and In the Spanish sphere, many of the sailors began to trade metal implements Pueblo people harbored hostility toward (particularly knives) for the natives' the Spanish, primarily due to their well worn pelts. The French fur trade denigration and prohibition of the was undertaken by Francis Grave (a traditional religion (the Spanish at the merchant) and Chauvin (a captain) in time being staunchly and aggressively 1599 when they acquired a monopoly from Catholic). The traditional economies of Henry IV and their attempt to establish the pueblos were likewise disrupted when a colony at the mouth of the Saguenay they were forced to labor on the River was a direct result of their encomiendas of the colonists. However, desire to profit from trading native fur the Spanish had introduced new farming pelts for European goods. implements and provided some measure of England attempted again to colonize, security against Navajo and Apache first in 1606 with the Popham Colony in raiding parties. As a result, they lived present-day Maine, and again in 1607 in in relative peace with the Spanish Jamestown, Virginia. The latter became following the founding of the Northern the first permanent English settlement New Mexican colony in 1598. In the in the United States. The Popham Colony 1670s, however, drought swept the interacted with the Abeneki tribe, but region, which not only caused famine failed to establish cooperation. among the Pueblo, but also provoked Jamestown's breakdown in relations with increased attacks from neighboring the Paspahegh and Powhatan tribes hunter-gatherer tribes — attacks resulted in the First Anglo–Powhatan against which Spanish soldiers were War, which ended with the marriage of unable to defend. At the same time, John Rolfe and Pocahontas. European-introduced diseases were In 1610 a teenage Étienne Brulé was ravaging the natives, greatly decreasing sent by Samuel de Champlain to live with their numbers. It has also been alleged the Hurons for a year as a sort of that the introduction of these diseases 'exchange student'. Champlian, in turn, was often exacerbated when soldiers accepted the company of a Huron youth handed out blankets and other named Savignon who accompanied him back humanitarian supplies carrying European to France. The two cultures made a microorganisms.[citation needed] successful rendezvous the next year and Unsatisfied with the protective powers the young men returned to their of the Spanish crown, the Pueblo respective groups to report their revolted in 1680. In 1692, Spanish experiences. control was reasserted, but under much In 1620, a group of English settlers, more lenient terms. 1 A B C 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94