A bit of American history


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Native American Response to Settlers

Initially, the Native Americans welcomedcase of the peaceful Cherokee Indians.
the Europeans to America. ChristopherThey worked within the confines of the
Columbus reported to Queen Isabella andlegal system of the United States to
King Ferdinand that the Indians on Sanresist their forced removal from their
Salvador Island responded warmly to thehomelands in Georgia. They filed a
gifts the Europeans gave them, andlawsuit with the United States federal
"became so entirely [their] friends thatgovernment against the state of Georgia
it was a wonder to see" (Hurtado 45).to be able to remain in their
Montezuma and the Aztecs welcomed thetraditional homelands. Although they
Spaniards as a God that came inultimately lost the lawsuit and were
fulfillment of their destiny. This Aztecforced to leave their homelands, the
belief induced them to submit themselvesCherokee tribe did not turn to warfare
entirely under the Spaniards' rule.as a response to their tragic
Many Native American tribes, such asdisplacement. The majority of the
those encountered by Jacques Cartier,Cherokees quietly submitted to the march
Cabeza de Vaca, and Hernando de Soto,known as the Trail of Tears, in which so
regarded the Europeans as powerfulmany of them died along the way due to
shamans or Gods. The Native Americansexposure and starvation from lack of
would bring their ill tribal members toadequate provisions.
them to heal their sickness (HurtadoThe Plains Indians, such as the Lakota,
56).were the most likely Native Americans
The influx of European goods greatlytribes to respond to their oppression
altered the relationship between thewith open warfare. The taking of the
Native Americans and the invadingBlack Hills is a very good example of
Europeans. As the Native Americans beganthis. When the settlers first began to
to use European goods, such as hatchets,swarm into the Black Hills looking for
iron arrowheads, sword blades, knives,gold, the U.S. government initially
and other goods, their dependency upontried to keep them out in accordance of
Europeans became more established.the treaty with the Lakota and their
Divisions between tribes began to emergeallies. But as more and more
as some Native American tribes alliedgold-seekers trekked in, the federal
themselves with the English, and othersgovernment reversed their position. The
allied themselves with the Frenchgovernment offered to buy the Black
settlers.Hills, which was rejected.
Initially, the Christian missionariesThen the U.S. government issued a law
were accepted also, as the polytheisticrequiring all the Indians to vacate the
Native Americans did not resist theBlack Hills. This action led to such
worship of the Christian god. But whenviolent confrontations as the battles of
the conquering Europeans began toLittle Big Horn and Wounded Knee. Not
rigorously suppress the Nativeall the Plains Indians fought in this
Americans' religion, they began towar, as many of them followed Red Cloud
resist. As in the case of the Tewaand remained out of the fighting. This
Indians, they resisted passively attaking of the Black Hills is still an
first by keeping their religiousimportant issue today, since the Lakota
observances hidden from the Spanish. Buttribe continues to assert their claim
as the Spanish invaders became even moreover the Black Hills, and refuses to
ruthless in suppressing their religion,touch the money the United States
the Tewa Indians openly rebelled,government holds in trust for the
killing many of the Spanish, includingpurchase of the Black Hills.
non-combatants such as women, children,Bibliography
and priests. The Tewa Indians alsoHurtado, Albert, Peter Iverson, and
ransacked Christian churches andThomas Paterson, editors. Major Problems
desecrated their holy places.in American Indian History: Documents
Another type of resistance used by theand Essays. Houghton Mifflin Company
Native Americans is exemplified in theCollegiate Division, 2000.



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